Populations of Largest Cities in PMNs from 2000BC to 1988AD These are city population sizes in thousands (add three zeroes) for the five largest cities in each "civilization" from 2000 BC to 1988 AD. The definition of "civilization" boundaries is based on David Wilkinson's spatio-temporal bounding of political/military networks (See Wilkinson, "Central Civilization" _Comparative Civilizations Review_ 17:31-59 (Fall), 1987. These populations were used by Christopher Chase-Dunn and Alice Willard to compute changes in urban growth and in the Standardized Primacy Index (SPI) for the several political/military networks (PMNs). The results are available in a forthcoming issue of _Comparative Civilizations Review_. Most of the city populations were found in Tertius Chandler's _Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth_, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon Press, 1987. The city populations marked with an "x" were in Chandler. Others were interpolated. Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 2000 B.C. Mesopotamian Ur x 1 65 Lagash 2 37 Susa x 3 25 Mari 4 24 Nippur 5 22 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1800 B.C. Egyptian Thebes 1 65 Memphis 2 45 Heliopolis 3 39 Kerma x 4 25 Heracleopolis 5 23 subtotal 5 197 Mesopotamian Isin 1 58 Mari 2 52 Susa 3 32 subtotal 3 142 Indic Mohenjo-Daro x 1 20 subtotal 1 20 Total 3 9 359 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1600 B.C. Mesopotamian Babylon x 1 60 Khattushash 2 37 Susa x 3 25 Hazor x 4 24 Nineveh 5 23 subtotal 5 169 Egyptian Avaris x 1 100 Memphis 2 22 Kerma 3 22 Nekhen 4 21 subtotal 4 144 Total 2 9 313 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1360 B.C. Central Thebes x 1 80 Khattushash x 2 45 Dur-Kurigalzu x 3 40 Memphis x 4 32 Amarna x 5 30 subtotal 5 227 Total 1 5 227 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1200 B.C. Central Memphis x 1 50 Khattushash x 2 48 Dur-Kurigalzu x 3 40 Thebes 4 37 Nineveh 5 33 subtotal 5 208 Total 1 5 208 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1000 B.C. Central Thebes 1 60 Babylon 2 45 Jerusalem 3 40 Memphis 4 35 Susa x 5 25 subtotal 5 205 Far Eastern Sian 1 55 Loyang x 2 50 Pyongyang x 3 25 Kweiteh 4 21 subtotal 4 151 Indic Hastinapura 1 30 subtotal 1 30 Total 3 10 386 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 800 B.C. Central Thebes 1 60 Calah x 2 50 Babylon 3 47 Memphis 4 44 Nineveh 5 39 subtotal 5 240 Far Eastern Sian 1 55 Loyang x 2 50 Pyongyang x 3 25 Chicheng 4 24 Kingchow 5 20 subtotal 5 174 Indic Hastinapura 1 42 subtotal 1 42 Total 3 11 456 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 650 B.C. Central Nineveh x 1 120 Memphis 2 65 Babylon x 3 60 Sais x 4 48 Marib x 5 45 subtotal 5 338 Far Eastern Lintzu x 1 80 Loyang x 2 70 Kingchow 3 43 Hsintien x 4 40 Changan 5 33 subtotal 5 266 Indic Kausambi 1 55 Ayodhya 2 38 subtotal 2 93 Aegean Miletus x 1 50 subtotal 1 50 Total 4 13 747 Time Civilization City City 430 B.C. Data Rank Size Central Babylon x 1 200 Athens x 2 155 Syracuse x 3 125 Memphis x 4 100 Ecbatana x 5 90 subtotal 5 670 Indic Patna x 1 100 Benares x 2 54 Anuradhapura 3 48 Sravasti 4 46 Vaisali x 5 45 subtotal 5 293 Far Eastern Yenhsiatu x 1 180 Loyang x 2 100 Hsueh x 3 75 Soochow x 4 60 Lintzu x 5 60 subtotal 5 475 Mexican Cuicuilco 1 31 subtotal 1 31 Unknown Kerch 33 subtotal 1 33 Total 5 17 1502 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 200 B.C. Central Alexandria x 1 300 Seleucia x 2 200 Carthage x 3 150 Rome x 4 150 Antioch x 5 120 subtotal 5 920 Indic Patna x 1 350 Ujjain 2 94 Anuradhapura 3 68 Paithan x 4 60 Taxila x 5 60 subtotal 5 632 Far Eastern Changan x 1 400 Pingcheng 2 88 Soochow 3 66 Loyang x 4 60 Nanking 5 56 subtotal 5 670 Mexican Cuicuilco 1 36 Izapa x 2 35 Tres Zapotes x 3 30 subtotal 3 101 Total 4 18 2323 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 100 A.D. Central Rome x 1 450 Seleucia x 2 250 Alexandria x 3 250 Antioch x 4 150 Carthage x 5 100 subtotal 5 1200 Indic Anuradhapura x 1 130 Peshawur x 2 120 Paithan 3 84 Patala 4 73 Patna 5 69 subtotal 5 476 Far Eastern Loyang x 1 420 Soochow 2 95 Changan 3 81 Nanking 4 78 Chengdu x 5 70 subtotal 5 744 Total 3 15 2420 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 361 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 300 Ctesiphon x 2 250 Rome x 3 150 Antioch x 4 150 Alexandria x 5 125 subtotal 5 975 Indic Patna x 1 150 Ujjain x 2 80 Anuradhapura 3 72 Ayodhya 4 63 Kavery 5 59 subtotal 5 424 Far Eastern Nanking x 1 150 Ye x 2 120 Changan x 3 80 Prome 4 69 Soochow 5 58 subtotal 5 477 Mexican Teotihuacan x 1 90 subtotal 1 90 Total 4 16 1966 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 500 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 400 Ctesiphon x 2 400 Antioch x 3 150 Carthage x 4 100 Rome x 5 100 subtotal 5 1150 Indic Sialkot 1 85 Ayodhya x 2 75 Gwalior 3 65 Mandasor 4 63 Kanchi 5 56 subtotal 5 344 Far Eastern Loyang x 1 200 Nanking x 2 150 Changan 3 95 Prome 4 73 Soochow 5 70 subtotal 5 588 Mexican Teotihuacan x 1 125 Tikal 2 45 Bakhalal 3 45 subtotal 3 215 Total 4 18 2297 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 622 A.D. Central Ctesiphon x 1 500 Constantinople x 2 350 Alexandria x 3 94 Aleppo x 4 72 Rayy 5 68 subtotal 5 1084 Indic Kanauj x 1 120 Kanchi x 2 70 Vatapi x 3 70 Madurai x 4 70 Anuradhapura x 5 70 subtotal 5 400 Far Eastern Changan x 1 400 Loyang x 2 200 Prome x 3 100 Chengdu x 4 94 Isanapura x 5 70 subtotal 5 864 Mexican Teotihuacan x 1 60 Tajin x 2 40 subtotal 2 100 Total 3 17 2448 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 800 A.D. Central Bagdad x 1 700 Constantinople x 2 250 Cordova x 3 160 Basra x 4 100 Fostat x 5 100 subtotal 5 1310 Indic Kanauj x 1 80 Patna 2 74 Madurai x 3 70 Kanchi 4 51 Benares 5 49 subtotal 5 324 Far Eastern Changan x 1 600 Loyang x 2 300 Lhasa x 3 100 Soochow x 4 84 Wuchang x 5 84 subtotal 5 1168 Mexican Copan 1 63 Tollan 2 41 Tajin x 3 40 Tikal x 4 40 subtotal 4 184 Japanese Kyoto x 200 subtotal 1 200 Indonesian Prambanan x 60 subtotal 1 60 West African Gao x 72 subtotal 1 72 Total 7 22 3318 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 900 A.D. Central Bagdad x 1 900 Constantinople x 2 300 Cordova x 3 200 Alexandria x 4 175 Fostat x 5 150 subtotal 5 1725 Indic Manyakheta x 1 100 Anhilvada x 2 80 Kanauj x 3 80 Chunar 4 72 Benares 5 59 subtotal 5 391 Far Eastern Changan x 1 500 Loyang x 2 150 Tali x 3 90 Angkor x 4 90 Soochow x 5 81 subtotal 5 911 Japanese Kyoto x 200 subtotal 1 200 Indonesian Prambanan 62 subtotal 1 62 Mexican Tollan x 1 50 Tajin x 2 50 subtotal 2 100 Total 6 19 3389 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1000 A.D. Central Cordova x 1 450 Constantinople x 2 300 Cairo x 3 135 Bagdad x 4 125 Nishapur x 5 125 subtotal 5 1135 Indic Anhilvada x 1 100 Tanjore 2 88 Kanauj x 3 72 Manyakheta 4 71 Chunar 5 66 subtotal 5 397 Far Eastern Kaifeng x 1 400 Angkor x 2 200 Tali x 3 90 Tsinchow x 4 85 Hangchow x 5 80 subtotal 5 855 Total 3 15 2387 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1100 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 200 Marrakesh x 2 150 Bagdad x 3 150 Cairo x 4 150 Fez x 5 125 subtotal 5 775 Indic Kalyan the Late x 1 150 Anhilvada x 2 100 Dhar x 3 80 Kanauj x 4 80 Ramavati 5 75 subtotal 5 485 Far Eastern Kaifeng x 1 442 Angkor x 2 125 Pagan x 3 100 Tali x 4 100 Hangchow x 5 90 subtotal 5 857 Total 3 15 2117 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1150 A.D. Central Merv x 1 200 Constantinople x 2 200 Cairo x 3 175 Fez x 4 160 Marrakesh x 5 150 subtotal 5 885 Indic Anhilvada x 1 135 Kalyan the Late x 2 125 Kanauj x 3 92 Nadiya 4 85 Puri 5 78 subtotal 5 515 Far Eastern Pagan x 1 150 Kaifeng x 2 150 Hangchow x 3 145 Angkor x 4 140 Nanking x 5 130 subtotal 5 715 Total 3 15 2115 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1200 A.D. Central Fez x 1 200 Cairo x 2 200 Constantinople x 3 150 Palermo x 4 150 Marrakesh x 5 150 subtotal 5 850 Indic Polonnaruwa x 1 75 Puri 2 72 Gaur x 3 60 Cambay x 4 50 Kalinjar x 5 50 subtotal 5 307 Far Eastern Hangchow x 1 255 Pagan x 2 180 Angkor x 3 150 Peking x 4 130 Nanking x 5 130 subtotal 5 845 Total 3 15 2002 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1250 A.D. Central Cairo x 1 300 Fez x 2 200 Paris x 3 160 Marrakesh x 4 125 Constantinople x 5 100 subtotal 5 885 Indic Cuttack x 1 100 Gaur x 2 90 Delhi x 3 80 Warangal 4 63 Cambay x 5 60 subtotal 5 393 Far Eastern Hangchow x 1 320 Pagan x 2 180 Peking x 3 140 Canton x 4 140 Nanking x 5 130 subtotal 5 910 Total 3 15 2188 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1300 A.D. Central Cairo x 1 400 Paris x 2 228 Fez x 3 150 Tabriz x 4 125 Venice x 5 110 subtotal 5 1013 Indic Delhi x 1 100 Gaur x 2 100 Cuttack x 3 90 Warangal x 4 80 Madurai x 5 60 subtotal 5 430 Far Eastern Hangchow x 1 432 Peking x 2 401 Canton x 3 150 Sian x 4 118 Nanking x 5 95 subtotal 5 1196 Total 3 15 2639 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1350 A.D. Central Cairo x 1 350 Paris x 2 215 Fez x 3 125 Sarai x 4 120 Tabriz x 5 100 subtotal 5 910 Indic Delhi x 1 125 Vijayanagar x 2 100 Cuttack x 3 90 Gulbarga x 4 70 Quilon x 5 60 subtotal 5 445 Far Eastern Hangchow x 1 432 Peking x 2 400 Canton x 3 150 Sian x 4 114 Soochow x 5 96 subtotal 5 1192 Total 3 15 2547 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1400 A.D. Central Cairo x 1 360 Paris x 2 280 Tabriz x 3 150 Samarkand x 4 130 Fez x 5 125 subtotal 5 1045 Indic Vijayanagar x 1 400 Gulbarga x 2 90 Cuttack x 3 75 Quilon x 4 60 Cambay x 5 60 subtotal 5 685 Far Eastern Nanking x 1 487 Hangchow x 2 235 Canton x 3 150 Peking x 4 150 Soochow x 5 129 subtotal 5 1151 Total 3 15 2881 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1450 A.D. Central Cairo x 1 380 Tabriz x 2 200 Granada x 3 165 Paris x 4 150 Bursa x 5 130 subtotal 5 1025 Indic Vijayanagar x 1 455 Gaur x 2 150 Jaunpur x 3 100 Cuttack x 4 100 Mandu x 5 70 subtotal 5 875 Far Eastern Peking x 1 600 Hangchow x 2 250 Canton x 3 175 Nanking x 4 150 Seoul x 5 125 subtotal 5 1300 Total 3 15 3200 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1500 A.D. Central Cairo x 1 400 Tabriz x 2 250 Constantinople x 3 200 Paris x 4 185 Fez x 5 130 subtotal 5 1165 Indic Vijayanagar x 1 500 Gaur x 2 200 Cuttack x 3 140 Ahmedabad x 4 100 Delhi x 5 80 subtotal 5 1020 Far Eastern Peking x 1 672 Hangchow x 2 250 Canton x 3 150 Nanking x 4 147 Sian x 5 127 subtotal 5 1346 West African Gao x 1 60 Oyo x 2 60 Kano x 3 50 subtotal 3 170 Peruvian Cuzco x 50 subtotal 1 50 Mexican Tenochtitlan x 1 80 Texcaco x 2 60 subtotal 2 140 Total 6 21 3891 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1550 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 660 Cairo x 2 360 Paris x 3 210 Naples x 4 209 Venice x 5 171 subtotal 5 1610 Indic Vijayanagar x 1 480 Ahmedabad x 2 140 Cuttack x 3 90 Gwalior x 4 80 Ahmednaggar x 5 70 subtotal 5 860 Far Eastern Peking x 1 690 Hangchow x 2 260 Nanking x 3 182 Canton x 4 160 Pegu x 5 150 subtotal 5 1442 Total 3 15 3912 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1575 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 680 Cairo x 2 275 Paris x 3 220 Naples x 4 215 Agra x 5 200 subtotal 5 1590 Far Eastern Peking x 1 706 Hangchow x 2 260 Nanking x 3 188 Pegu x 4 175 Canton x 5 170 subtotal 5 1499 Total 2 10 3089 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1600 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 700 Agra x 2 500 Paris x 3 245 Naples x 4 224 Cairo x 5 200 subtotal 5 1869 Far Eastern Peking x 1 706 Hangchow x 2 270 Nanking x 3 194 Canton x 4 180 Sian x 5 138 subtotal 5 1488 Japanese Osaka x 1 360 Kyoto x 2 300 Sumpu x 3 100 Yamaguchi x 4 80 Yedo x 5 60 subtotal 5 900 Total 3 15 4257 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1650 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 700 Paris x 2 455 London x 3 410 Lahore x 4 360 Isfahan x 5 350 subtotal 5 2275 Far Eastern Peking x 1 470 Hangchow x 2 281 Canton x 3 200 Nanking x 4 178 Seoul x 5 150 subtotal 5 1279 Total 2 10 3554 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1700 A.D. Central Constantinople x 1 700 London x 2 550 Paris x 3 530 Ahmedabad x 4 380 Isfahan x 5 350 subtotal 5 2510 Far Eastern Peking x 1 650 Hangchow x 2 303 Canton x 3 200 Sian x 4 167 Seoul x 5 158 subtotal 5 1478 Japanese Yedo x 1 688 Osaka x 2 380 Kyoto x 3 350 Kanazawa x 4 67 Nagoya x 5 65 subtotal 5 1550 Total 3 15 5538 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1750 A.D. Central London x 1 676 Constantinople x 2 625 Paris x 3 556 Naples x 4 310 Amsterdam x 5 219 subtotal 5 2386 Far Eastern Peking x 1 900 Canton x 2 400 Hangchow x 3 340 Sian x 4 195 Seoul x 5 187 subtotal 5 2022 Total 2 10 4408 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1800 A.D. Central London x 1 861 Constantinople x 2 570 Paris x 3 547 Naples x 4 430 Moscow x 5 248 subtotal 5 2656 Far Eastern Peking x 1 1100 Canton x 2 800 Hangchow x 3 387 Soochow x 4 243 Sian x 5 224 subtotal 5 2754 Japanese Yedo x 1 685 Osaka x 2 383 Kyoto x 3 377 Nagoya x 4 92 Kagoshima x 5 67 subtotal 5 1604 Total 3 15 7014 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1825 A.D. Central London x 1 1335 Paris x 2 855 Constantinople x 3 675 S. Petersburg x 4 438 Naples x 5 350 subtotal 5 3653 Far Eastern Peking x 1 1350 Canton x 2 900 Hangchow x 3 410 Soochow x 4 302 Sian x 5 259 subtotal 5 3221 Total 2 10 6874 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1850 A.D. Central London x 1 2320 Peking x 2 1648 Paris x 3 1314 Canton x 4 875 Constantinople x 5 785 subtotal 5 6942 Total 1 5 6942 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1875 A.D. Central London x 1 4241 Paris x 2 2250 New York x 3 1900 Berlin x 4 1045 Vienna x 5 1020 Total 1 5 10456 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1900 A.D. Central London x 1 6480 New York x 2 4242 Paris x 3 3330 Berlin x 4 2707 Chicago x 5 1717 Total 1 5 18476 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1914 A.D. Central London x 1 7419 New York x 2 6700 Paris x 3 4000 Tokyo x 4 3500 Berlin x 5 3500 Total 1 5 25119 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1925 A.D. Central New York x 1 7774 London x 2 7742 Tokyo x 3 5300 Paris x 4 4800 Berlin x 5 4013 Total 1 5 29629 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1950 A.D. Central New York x 1 12463 London x 2 8860 Tokyo x 3 7000 Paris x 4 5900 Shanghai x 5 5406 Total 1 5 39629 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1970 A.D. Central Tokyo x 1 20450 New York x 2 17252 Osaka x 3 12000 London x 4 10875 Moscow x 5 9800 Total 1 5 70377 Time Civilization City City Data Rank Size 1988 A.D. Central Tokyo-Yokohama x 1 28700 Mexico City x 2 19400 New York x 3 17400 Sao Paulo x 4 17200 Osaka-Kobo-Kyoto x 5 16800 Total 1 5 99500