The Wintu and Their Neighbors
Christopher Chase-Dunn and Kelly M. Mann
Appendix 3:
Wintu, Yana, Pit River and Chimariko Placenames in Northern California:
Data on pairs for determining Calque Rates
These are the data upon which the results in Tables 8,9 and 10 in The Wintu and Their Neighbors are based. The information here is derived primarily from Theodoratus (1985). It was used to determine the ratio of calques to the total number of place name pairs for three bilateral relationships: Wintu-Yana, Wintu-Achomawi and Wintu-Chimariko. The Achomawi, Madesi and other Hokan-speakers living along the Pit River are all called "Pit River" here.
"Calques" are instances in which the meaning of a place name in one language has been translated into another language. Placename pairs occur primarily along the boundaries between linguistic groups, but are also found for objects, such as high mountains, that can be seen for a long distance. Our job was to determine for each pair whether or not it was a calque. Sometimes the meaning of the place names was given in Theodoratus. In many other cases it was necessary to use dictionaries in order to determine the meanings. The calque rate is the ratio of calques to all those pairs for which we have meanings for both names or when we can eliminate the possibility of a calque if we know one meaning and can be reasonably certain (with a dictionary) that the other name does not mean the same thing.
This resulted in four categories:
DK was coded when one or both place names could not be translated, or when the meaning of one could not be eliminated as the meaning of the other. B was coded when an a similar-sounding word had been taken by one group from another for the place name.
The bilateral relationships are designated thus:
The pairs are given for each U.S.G.S. Quad map in which the locations appear. The numbers refer to placename numbers assigned in Theodoratus (1985).
These are the places that we coded:
Big Bend Quad
PR-W 4,18,20,28,69
PR-Y 1,2,3,7,15,18,19,20,24,28,29,37,50,51,53,54,58,59, 60,61,62,63
Y-W 18,20,28
Bollibokka Quad
PR-W 10,61,105,230,
PR-Y 8,61,105?,226,227,228, unnumbered on p. 28,
Y-W 61,79,105?
Dubakella Quad
W-C 5,
Hayfork Quad
W-C 4,10,25,27,29,36,47
Helena Quad
W-C 3
Hyampom Quad
W-C 10,11,18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 30, 31, 35, 41, 43,45,48,49,50,51,53,59,62,63,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73 74, 75, 76,77,78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 114, 116, 119, 121, 122, 123
Ironside Quad
W-C 2, 9, 12
Millville Quad
W-Y 20, 21,
Montgomery Creek Quad
W-Y 154 PR-Y 18, 21, 23, 24, 28, 29, 31, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 59, 70, 71, 75, 78, 80, 86, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 100, 101,102,103,106,109,154,155, 156, (p. 19, not mapped )
W-PR 154
Pickett Peak Quad
W-C 2,9,
Pilot Creek Quad
W-C 1,4,5,7,8,9,10,12,13,15,
Shasta Quad
W-PR 2(MtShasta), 5
W-C 2
W-Y 2
Shoeinhorse Quad
W-PR 12, 16, 18,19,20,23,28,29,
Weaverville Quad
W-C 11, 28
Willow Creek Quad
W-C 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
These are the placename pair totals for each linguistic dyad:
Here are the placenames for each of the above pairs and their translations into English.
I. Yana-Wintu pairs
Big Bend Quad
18 Hunt Hot Spring(NC)
Y= witchu 'ayaha (salt spring) [salt=wiicu; spring=haayaxa]
W= tc'erepom (sandy place) [sand= 'cer]
20 Kosk Creek (NC)
Y= wacu'p'di; [waku= olivella shell beads. padi= place; sucker= galaa; zamulwa]
W=tchirpomwaqat (sucker creek)
28 Big Bend Area (NC)
Y= tcawtcamna [sand=kui?yau(na); camna= bed?]
W= tc'erepom (sandy place)
Bollibokka Quad
61 Fender's Flat(NC)
W= xohbulikhen (down from Round Mtn.)
Y= pakilmawha (water comes down fast) [Round Mtn= ziigalmadu]
79 Potem Creek (DK)
W= xolomton waywaqat [xolomto.= a dipper; way= north; waqat=creek]
Y= tcilawha or kamamatu [?]
105 Squaw Creek(NC)
W= waydalmem' [north river]
Y= d'umatu or p'u'tiwi tcitc'awi [pudiwi= women; sid?gaawi= to break into crumbs]
Millville Quad
20 Ben Jenkins place on the hilltop west of Ingot(NC)
W=bayi khalay (cautinzing gap)? [bayi=when a log is only partly burnt]
Y= 'akillawmaw yiya [aakaalili= lake]
21 area west of Ben Jenkins's place, known as Rocky Plains.(NC)
W= k'ayk'ay ts'araw' (swing a light around flat)
Y=mat'alk'aymatu(pieces of rock)
Montgomery Creek Quad
154 Round Mountain(NC)
W= xohbuli (Skunk Mountain)
Y= tcikalmatu {Bauman,1981 30/C11} Y= woma'rawi {Waterman 1919:map} [Y= ziigalmadu{Sapir and Swadesh,247}] [Y skunk=peetai(na)]
Shasta Quad
2 Mt Shasta(NC)
W= bohem puyuk, [big rise] waydal buli [north mountain]
Y= wahkaluw ,waxgaluu [waxai= to rest]
II. Wintu-Pit River Pairs:
Big Bend Quad
4 Little Joe Flat (C)
PR= p'asiloma (buckeye)
W= yonoton' (buckeye)
18 Hunt Hot Spring (NC)
PR= sutti tcaw'a (a little spring place) [sand=tas]
W= tc'erepom (sandy place)
20 Kosk Creek (NC)
PR= 'anutcitci 'alussa [anuto= edge; sucker = lathe]
W= tchirpomwaqat (sucker creek)
28 Big Bend Area (NC)
PR= mates [sandy= tasama]
W= tc'erepom (sandy place)
69 large flat on west side of Kosk Cr. above Hunt Hot Spring (C)
PR= lathew tiq'ahte (sucker ground)
W= tchirpom (sucker place)
Bollibokka Quad
10 Formerly John Mile's place (C)
PR= tc'iyya 'atwam (bee flat) [yellowjacket= jeyu]
W= hubitl'abal (hubi= yellowjacket)[pitkin: bee=hub;yellowjacket=kec]
61 Fender's Flat (NC)
PR= wa'wa 'atwam (big flat)
W= xohbulikhen (down from Round Mtn.)
105 Squaw Creek (NC)
PR= tc'iywit or 'is 'amihthewtcan 'u'alusa [alusa=creek][north =tohoja tuki tantan] Madesi= juyuwit
W= waydalmem'[north river]
230 McCloud River (NC)
PR= 'ith 'atcumma (Mt. Shasta River)
W= bohem mem' (big water) W= winimem (middle river)
Montgomery Creek Quad
154 Round Mountain(NC)
PR= masep'ut or pasep'ut [skunk=hayana,wawa utaluk]
W= xohbuli (skunk mountain)
Shasta Quad
2 Mount Shasta (NC)
PR= 'ith 'aq'o [ithe= under; aqo=mountain
W= bohem puyuk,[ big rise] waydal buli [north mountain]
5 A large hunting area immediately south of W. yipokos phuyuq; evidently the area of Ash Creek valley (Bauman 1981:40/D5). (C)
PR=tammewyalo (sunflower sp.)
W= ts'iday'pom' (little sunflower ground)
Shoeinhorse Quad
12 Johnny Hibbs's place at lower end of Huckleberry Valley(NC)
PR= 'ithathwam [ithe = under; atwam=valley]
W= ts'araw puykhennodal'[ts'araw=flat; puy=east;
16 A mountain at the very north end of Curl Ridge and at the head of Claiborne Ck.; evidently McKenzie Mtn (Bauman, 1981:41/E16). (DK)
PR= haduq'elade
W= bulitarak phuyuq [tarak= a kind of wild fowl; phuyuq= mountain]
18 Big Springs(DK)
PR= 'itcutc'uhtci'
W= buktci' [buk=dark]
19 Mud Creek(C)
PR='awmi 'alussa (mud creek)
W= buqulwaqat (mud creek)
20 Huckleberry Valley (C)
PR= 'alikhatshe' (trout in the water)
W= sulankhensuston [sula = trout; sus= where one has been] or ts'araw puykhen [ts'araw= flat]
28 Schoeinhorse Mtn.(NC)
PR= qaqwiyum [yellow pine=asu;ismilo]
W= siditon phuyuq [sidimi= yellow pine tree;sidi=pine needles]
29 Place on east bank of McCloud River, approximately 4 miles downriver of McCloud River Club; Abe Morgan's place, now a copper mining camp (Bauman 1981:42/E29). (NC)
PR= 'isi'annimi'wa [isiana=somebody]
W= solopton' (boulders)
III. Chimariko-Wintu Pairs
Dubakella Mountain Quad
5 Little Black Rock (C)
W= son tsululi son = rock; culul = black
C= ghatshelle'i tc'e'le`e = black Mountain south of Wildwood. (Bauman 1981:125/T5)
Hayfork Quad
4 A flat at mouth of Oregon Gulch on east side of Trinity R., now mined off (C)
W= p'ur ts'araw' p'ur = onion; caraw = field, flat
C= sapxir maytsa sapxir = onion; maytsa = flat, meadow. (Bauman 1981:121/S5)
10 A big basin in the mountains immediately south and across the Trinity River from Junction City (C)
W= k'ulew pantiloq (k'ulew = bird sp) panti = on top of, above
C= tiltilhima'tce ti'la = birds; maits'a = meadow, flat (Bauman 1981:121/S10)
25 Big Flat (DK)
W= ts'araw khenpom' caraw = flat, field; [look up khenpom]
C= tc'untxapmu (no meaning) tc'un = dry [bitc'c-tc'un = "meat dry" ] (Based on Harrington's field notes in Bauman 1980:18, 1981:122/S25.) tcintxapmu (Dixon 1910a:379) chin-hap-mo, is a village at Big Flat on Trinity. (Merriam, 1976:127.)
27 Big Bar (DK)
W= tc'araw' khenpom {same as Big Flat above}
C= sitahima'tce (top of the spring) The Wintu equivalent is also given as winthun memin xani' (Indian jumped in the water) indicating some confusion regarding this area. (Bauman,1981:122/S27) Scene of mass marriage between "Squaw men and their squaws when, in 1862, orders from General Wright said that all Indian women not lawfully married to white men would be moved to a reservation. (Southern Papers: "The Squaw Man" n.d.:Folder 1) sitimaace (C) (from Harrington's field notes, 1921-28, in silver 1978a:207). hitcheqhut (may translate as either "deerlick at edge of water" or "pounding where one comes down" (based on wintu equivalent.) Identified as "the William Patterson place at Big Bar, formerly called Cox's Bar (Bauman 1980:18.) citimaadje, village location (Dixon 1910a:297). shitimadji (Kroeber 1925:110). He-cha-koot, "Former village below Big Bar on Trinity River" (Merriam 1976:127)
29 A spot in Trinity River at Big flat (C)
W= winthun memin xani' (Indian jumped in the water)
C= tcimali tutcutsamni (man jump in river) (Bauman 1981:122/S29)
36 Hayfork (DK)
W= norelpom (specific place name) [south land]
C= trangoma (Bauman 1981:123/S36)
47 Hayfork (DK)
W= norelpom ts'araw' (south land flat)
C= tsanqhoma (no meaning) Wintu name especially refers to the Jackson ranch at mouth of Big Creek. (Bauman 1981:123/S47)
Helena Quad
3 North Fork of the Trinity (C)
W= wel waywaqat (salt north creek)
C= 'ak'i 'atcaqha (salt creek) Stream entering Trinity at Helena. Sam-nah-ma, "a flat near the mouth of North Fork Trinity" said to be in Chimariko territory. Information from either Sally Noble or Zack Bussell (Letter, Harrington to Merriam, 10/15/1921, in Merriam 1967:227)
Hyampom Quad
10 The old Humboldt trail west of French Gulch (C)
W= phoyog bes yemer (head lies trail)
C= hima'atce (where head lies) (Bauman 1981:128/W10)
11 The portion of the Humboldt trail passing along the ridge west of the South Fork Trinity River upriver of Cold Springs (same as above, dont count again)
W=phoyog besyemer' (where the head lays trail)
C= hima hatcuta hissa (trans.) hima = head; hisa = trail. (Bauman 1981:128/W11)
18 Site located on the South Fork of the Trinity River just above Oak Flat; Abe Bush's place; also used to refer to the whole South Fork Region. It is known to be a great meeting place and elk hunting ground. (DK)
W=wel ts'araw' wel = wag, move something long and thin. ts'araw=flat
C= Samna 'ama (upcreek country according to Harrington.) Harrington lists another name as 'ak'itse (C) , meaning "salt Place" or Wel ts'araw' (W) meaning "salt flat." (Bauman, 1981:129/W18)
19 Abe Bush's lower place on west side of South Fork Trinity River, evidently Waldorff Flat (C)
W= ts'iwilun siwili (lizards having a war)
C= taktchel himimoyta (lizards having a war) (Bauman 1981:129/W19)
23 Known locally as Devil's Hole; a spot on South Fork Trinity River about 3/4 mile upriver of its confluence with Hayfork Creek. (C)
W= kelel' holoq (long hole)
C= hawem hitsu (long hole) (Bauman 1981:129/W23)
24 Falls in South Fork Trinity River upriver of Devil's Hole (C)
W= doqosmodi (flint got away)
C= qhaqho hino'ta q'aqo = arrow point; hu'want'a = going (Bauman 1981:129/W24)
26 This place name means, according to Harrington, "water grizzly bear hole." This is the name for a "series of caves on the South fork Trinity River evidently on wintoon Flat." (C)
W= memwimay holoq mem = water; holoq = hole, cave wimay = grizzly bear (generic aspect)
C= 'aqhan photsu hawata' ha'wa = mouth; a'q'a = water; p`otcu'= grizzly bear "Baskets and bows were found in the caves" (Bauman 1981:129/W26)
30 Area 2 miles east of Hyampom which includes several small ponds (C)
W= lul buyaston' (many lakes)
C= tcitaha hita (many lakes) tcitaha=pool (Bauman 1981:129/W30)
31 Grel Ranch on north bank of Butter Creek. (C)
W= ts'araw wilikhi' (bare flat)
C= maytca tolle (smooth flat) (Bauman 1981:129/W31)
35 Butter Creek (NC)
W= sen puywaqat (digging stick east creek) [sen=digging stick]
C= hatshewna'a 'atshaqha a'dz'aq'a = creek; hat's'ona'a = digger-pine (Bauman 1981:129/W35)
41 A small round pond off the Hyampom-Hayfork Road where road to Oak Flat leaves the highway; known locally as the Fish Pond, 1/4 mile northwest of k'ulem lul'(#29). (C)
W= sasunkenharas (where the sun goes down
C= 'alla hiwoqta (where the sun goes down) (Bauman 1981:130/W41)
43 The Foulks place, about 2 miles southeast of Hyampom formerly called Post Flat. The Wintu name is also given to Friend place on Plummer Creek. (Pickett Peak 2) (C)
W= luruki' xetin ts'araw' (white potato flat)
C= qhatchi meme'e (white potato) (Bauman 1981:130/W43
45 Falls in Hayfork Creek approximately 2 miles upriver of confluence with south fork Trinity river. (NC)
W= dubet tc'aqhi' (roots falls)
C= haxatutse (salmon milt) (Bauman 1981:130/W45) The name may refer to "milt of a male salmon" (based on Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1980:20)
48 The name for this place means "above the falls." (NC)
W= tc'aqhipanti' [panti= on top, over]
C= ts'utamta hima'atse hima = head; atse = place [what is ts'utamta?] According to Harrington this is an "old village site" at Walker Goe's place on Hayfork Road upslope of dubet tc'aqhi' (#45) about 2 miles east of Hyampom. (Bauman 1981:130/W48)
49 Grassy Flats (this appears to be a borrowing) (B)
W= phakotse' ts'araw (no meaning) caraw = flat
C= paxkhotse maytca maytsa = flat (Bauman 1981:130/W49) "Grassy Flat about 5 miles south east of Hyampom on the Hay Fork Trail" (based on Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1980a:21)
50 Schweitzer Ford (DK)
W= sen tchupus (digging stick ford)
C= hutcew hutcemta [check this out] Located in Hayfork Creek upstream of Hyampom (Bauman 1981:130/W50)
51 An "old Indian camping ground where elders used to instruct younger people." It is located, according to Harrington, on the south bank Hayfork Creek approximately 1/2 mile upstream from the falls. It is accessible by a trail from the Hayfork highway. (DK)
W= tc'akipanti ts'araw'
C= tcutamte hima'tse (Bauman 1981:130/W51)
53 Bluff on north edge of Hayfork Ck. in the immediate vicinity of dubet tc'aqhi' (#45). (C)
W= tchuburi khopol' (rock rolling down hole)
C= tc'upu xutta (rock dropping in water and making a noise) (Bauman 1981:131/W53)
59 An unnamed peak north of Hayfork Ck., just downriver from the mouth of Miner's Creek. (NC)
W= buli'olelas buli = mountain; ole = high
C= 'awu hitshu a'wu = mountain; hitsut = long (Bauman 1981:131/W59)
62 The Gates place on lower Gates Creek. (C)
W= tc'araw' buyaspom' (lots of flats)
C= maytra hita (lots of flats) Harrington indicates as the presumable eastern limit of Chimariko control. (Bauman 1981:131/W62)
63 Hinkley Flat (C)
W= bohem ts'araw (big flat)
C= maytca tcewu maytsa = flat; dje'wo = big A large flat on the north side of the South fork Trinity River between the mouths of Kerlin Creek and Pelletreau Creek. (Bauman 1981:131/W63.)
66 Hyampom Valley (NC) but Bauman says that Wintu name means Chimariko land.
W= xayinpom
C= maytsa (flat) (Bauman 1981:131/W66)
67 A swamp on the old Combs place on highway about 1 mile east of the confluence of Hayfork Ck. and South Fork Trinity River. (C)
W= wotcon k'apas (jaybird got caught in a trap)
C= tc'okokohtcey sita (jaybird got caught in a trap) (Bauman 1981:131/W67)
68 Old Kerlin place (according to Harrington), approximately 1/2 mile up Kerlin Ck., named for a "sacred or luck giving rock at this place." (C)
W= tc'ilunbes ts'araw cil = bear
C= tcisamra hatcuta tc`e'samra = bear. Meaning of this name is bear lying down flat. (Bauman 1981:131/W68)
69 Kerlin Creek (C)
W= tc'ilunbes ts'araw' waqat or pom l'uruqi' waqat (white earth creek)
C= 'amamene 'atsuqha (white earth creek) (Bauman 1981:132/W69)
70 Pelletreau Creek (NC)
W= memts'alalas waqat (clear creek) or ts'arug 'uyuli waqat (sour grass creek)
C= hitsuwilye (swift place) (Bauman 1981:132/W70)
71 A bluff on the south side of South fork Trinity River where the Hyampom Guard Station is located. (C)
W= pom luruqi' (white earth)
C= 'amamene (white earth) Site of a prominent deer lick. (Bauman 1981:132/W71)
72 The small high peak at the upriver end of pom l'uruqhi' (#71) across the river from Hyampom (C)
W= winthun huyukhiton (Indian whistles rock)
C= ts'imar hoxulla (somebody's whistle) (Bauman 1981:132/W72)
73 Bill Garrett, Jr., ranch north of the South Fork Trinity River opposite the mouth of Kerlin Ck. (NC)
W= waydal ts'oho' (north running place)
C= hits'ukinay (water running) The name refers to a slough which winds down to the river from Young Gulch; the slough was the former river bed previous to 1878. (Bauman 1981:132/W73)
74 A waterhole in the former channel of South Fork Trinity River at the foot of the hill 1/2 mile from Bill Garrett, Jr. place. (C)
W= tc'enis khopol (shit waterhole)
C= 'apxan tcitaha (shit pool) (Bauman 1981:132/W74)
75 A point on the ridge halfway up to Humboldt Trail on Southfork Mtn. from mouth of Pelletreau Ck.; evidently on Pelletrau Ridge. (NC)
W= tirmenas khalay' (belted gap)
C= sa'amatatce (creased place) (Bauman 1981:132/W75)
76 Pelletreau Ridge trail (NC)
W= tirmenas yemer' (belted trail)
C= hissatilla hisa = trail; ti'la = birds (Bauman 1981:132/W76)
77 Pelletreau Ridge (NC)
W= memwenem buliphuyuq buliphuyuq = Mount Shasta mem = water, river; wenemmem = McCloud River
C= 'aqhamenem 'awn (island mountain) (Bauman 1981:132/W77)
78 The small hill immediately north of the South Fork Trinity River confluence adjacent to Hyampom bridge. (DK)
W= sis puysono' or sos puysono' (water ouzel east hill)
C= tcisillatce (look this up) (Bauman 1981:132/W78)
79 Site of an important Indian cemetary. (C)
W= qharupuri ts'araw'(knock it along with a stick flat)
C= hakmutatce maytca (knock it along with a stick flat) According to Harrington, "alarge forty acre flat east of the confluence of the South Fork Trinity R. and Hayfork Ck. The name is evidently in reference to the stick or shinney game having been played at this spot in ancient times." (Bauman 1981:132/W79)
80 Ridge running north east of Hinkley Flat between Olssen Ck. and Young Gulch. (C)
W= penel phuyuq (blackoak mtn.)
C= munen 'awu (black oak mtn.) Site of a wild raspberry patch. (Bauman 1981:132/W80)
83 Will Olsen's hayfield located on the north side of the Southfork Trinity River about 1/2 mile downstream of its confluence with Hayfork Creek. (DK)
W= pomthudidi' ts'araw (thunder ground flat)
C= 'ama qhinitco'tce (Bauman 1981:133/W83)
84 Will Olsen's place, approximately 1/2 mile up from the mouth of Olsen Ck. (C)
W= 'al ts'araw' (crow flat)
C= wa'wayra 'atce (crow) (Bauman 1981:133/W84)
85 Site of a large sweathouse. (DK)
W= lutton'("there's a sweathouse" according to Harrington)
C= hattatce Located a half mile northeast of Olsen's place (#84), approximately one-half mile up from the mouth of Olsen's Creek. Meetings and councils were held here. (Bauman 1981:133/W85)
86 The Treat place about 2 1/2 miles north of Hyampom post office. (NC)
W= phaykenti (like a basin)
C= tchurin 'atse sumu or tchurinatse (at the foot of manzanita mountain) (Bauman 1981:133/W86)
87 Rock on the Old Trinity R. trail from Hyampom, approx. 1 mile east of the Treat place (#86). (C)
W= leleson' qewel' (mouse rock house)
C= p'usur qha'anwa (mouse rock house) (Bauman 1981:133/W87) "Approximately 2 1/2 miles north of Hyampom on the Trinity trail" (based on Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1980a:21)
88 Confluence of Hayfork Ck.and South Fork Trinity R. (DK)
W= kholup'uri'
C= hatsukhitsi (Bauman 1981:133/W88)
90 A small flat located at the very downriver corner of Hinkley Flat (#63). (DK)
W= kupas ts'araw' (chokecherry flat)
C= paxxan'atce maytsa = flat (Bauman 1981:133/W90) "Hinkley's field about 1 1/2 miles down river of Hyampom" (based on Harrington's field notes in Bauman 1980a:21).
92 Eltapom Creek area (C)
W= 'eltipom' (back country)
C= numna 'ama (back country) Includes especially the Ray Gorley place. (Bauman 1981:133/W92).
93 Chaparral Mountain (NC)
W= tc'ilp'aqas waytoror (bearskin stiff north ridge)
C= tchisamra 'awu tc'e'samra = bear; a'wu = mountain (Bauman 1981:133/W93) photc'imi hitcimu, translates in part as "bearskin" (from Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1980a:17)
95 The long ridge separating Corral Bottom from Hyampom Valley; evidently the divide between Corral Creek and Olsen Creek. (C)
W= tc'ilp'aqas (stretched bear skin)
C= photc'imi (bearskin) (Bauman 1981:133/W95)
100 A place on South Fork Trinity R. about 200 yards upstream of mouth of Eltapom Creek. (NC)
W= phili' pili = white bunch grass
C= sirin'alla alla = moon, sun (Bauman 1981:134/W100)
101 Ray Trimbel place on south side of South Fork Trinity R. about 1/2 mile below the Hayfork Ck. confluence. (C)
W= ts'aruq 'uyuli' ts'araw' (sour grass flat)
C= kotchu k'oyo'i (sour clover) (Bauman 1981:134/W101)
103 A rock 150 ft. high on the south side of South Fork Trinity R. about 1/2 mile upriver of eltapom Ck. (C)
W= son 'olelas (tall rock)
C= qha'a hitsu'tse (tall rock place) An important fishing spot. (Bauman 1981:134/W103)
104 Big Creek (C)
W= son 'olelas norwaqat (big rock south creek)
C= qha'a hitsu'tse 'atsaqha (big rock creek) (Bauman 1981:134/W104)
105 A rock on east side of South Fork Trinity R. just upriver of Big Rock pool (#103). (C)
W= son memin t'udi' (round water rock)
C= qha'a hitsuk norkhute (round rock projecting in the river) A fishing spot where poison was used. (Bauman 1981:134/W105)
106 A deep fishing hole in the South Fork Trinity R. at the mouth of Eltapom Ck. (cf. 97, 98) (C)
W= teleq 'ilav' (big basket place)
C= puqhentsa 'atse (big basket place) (Bauman 1981:134/W106)
107 Garratt Ranch (C)
W= xyetin qhaqhi' (gray potato)
C= qhatci setce'i (blue potato); Located on the west bank of the South Fork Trinity R. just downriver of the mouth of Big Creek. (Bauman1981:134/W107)
108 Site of a large driftwood pile immediately upriver of Bill Garrett, Sr. place at mouth of Big Creek.(C)
W= tc'uspat khidi' (wood sticking out)
C= pusuwa hisutpi (wood sticking out) Formerly a large fishing hole; scene of a confrontation between Hyampom Indians and Yuki Indians. (Bauman 1981:134/W108)
111 Ridge running between Corral Bottom and Taylor's Flat; evidently Monument Peak ridge. (C)
W= ts'aruqhi phuyuq (green mountain)
C= 'aqu himamsu'tse (green mountain) (Bauman 1981:134/W111)
114 Corral Bottom (C)
W= pantilok pom (flat on top ground)
C= wits'atman 'ama (on top land) Particularly the long flat directly north of Pattison Peak. (Bauman 1981:134/W114)
116 Creek at Big Bar which enters the Trinity from the south; evidently Price Creek. (NC)
W= tiltil norwaqat (ringing sound south creek)
C= tiltil 'atsuqha (fishhawk creek) (Bauman 1981:135/W116)
119 Cox Bar (NC)
W= thudi' or thudidi pom' (ponding place)
C= hitcheqhut (deerlick at edge of water) William Patterson place on south bank of Trinity River opposite Big Bar. (Bauman 1981:135/W119)
121 Underwood Mountain (C)
W= t'atas phuyuq (storage basket mountain)
C= sasatcin (storage basket place) Evidently outside the hunting area of the Hyampom Indians. (Bauman 1981:135/W121)
122 Place on the Eltapom Ck. trail. (C)
W= pat yemer' (outside trail)
C= hissatpi (outside trail) Place located approximately 2 miles upcreek from the mouth of Eltapom Ck. and downslope from a swampy spot known locally as Mud Lake. (Bauman 1981:135/W122)
123 A point on the old Indian trail over Hyampom Mtn. just where the trail begins its descent into Corral Bottom. (Bauman 1981:135/W123) (DK)
W = tc'ilp'aqas 'olphuyuq
C = photc'imi hitcimu
Ironside Quad
2 The Green or Hennessey place on the Trinity just above the mouth of the New River. (Harrington) (C)
W= phoyoq wineston (he looks at the head)
C= hima' hitchuktatce (not mapped) ("head is lying there" based on Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1989:14-15) According to Harrington, hima'isuktatce means "shaking head." This is the site of prominent medicine rock facing Ironside Mtn. It is on the George Green place on the south side of the Trinity River above the mouth of the New River (Bauman 1981:126/V2).
9 Ironsides Mountain (DK)
W= tculita phuyuq culul = black; phuyuq = mountain
C= tcalita 'awu or tsali'na tc'e'lei = black; a'wu = mountain (Bauman 1981:126/V9) Ironsides Mtn. (C) awu te'ta "to whose top the first people made pilgrimages when they got old and where they would pray and descend young again. Ironsides Mtn. is also called calita awu as well as waywoli which is said to be the old Chimariko language name" (Based on Harrington's field notes, 1921-1928, in Silver 1978:205) a-woo-treh-dah means "great mountain" (Letter, Harrington to Merriam, 1921, based on information from Sally Noble. [Merriam 1967:226]) tcalita (based on Harrington's field work with abe Bush, in Bauman 1980a:14).
12 Del Loma (C)
W= boloy xerel' (manzanita deserted place)
C= chichanma or tsitsahanatse (manzanita place) Formerly called Taylor's Flat (Bauman 1981:126/V12) Taylor Flat/French Ck. (C). "tshitshanma--Taylor Flat, literally 'manzanita place'" (based on Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1980:17) cica-nma (from Harrington's field notes 1921-28, in Silver 1978a:207). Tcitca'nma, village location (Dixon 1910a:297) chichanma (Kroeber 1925:110) che-chan-mah, is a village at Taylor Flat on main Trinity River (Merriam 1976:127). "sikori...possibly French Creek near Del Loma (Taylor's Flat) though this was apparently only a guess by Abe Bush" (based on Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1980a:19)
Pickett Peak Quad
2 The Friend place on Plummer Ck., presumably near Friend Lake. (NC)
W= luruki' xetin ts'araw' (white potato flat)
C= xawiy 'amay [qhatci setce'i = blue potato] (Bauman 1981:137/X2)
9 Mad River (C)
W= xili waqat (fly stream)
C= musotci 'atchaqha (fly stream) (Bauman 1981:137/X9)
Pilot Creek Quad
1 Knudsen place on South Fork Trinity R. approxiamtely 4 miles downriver of Hyampom near Monroe Ck. (C)
W= howoldilis (driftwood falling down)
C= hak'imtatce (floating down place) (Bauman 1981:139/Z1) "...a spot in the South Fork River about 4 miles dowmriver of Hyampom." (based on Harrington's field notes, in Bauman 1980a).
4 Place on west side of South Fork Trinity River just upriver from the Knudsen place at the falls at the mouth of Slide Ck. (C)
W= pom bolili' (soft ground)
C= 'ama lawitco'tce 'ama = country; larat(DK) = it is soft (Bauman 1981:139/Z4)
5 A spring in the timber, off the top of Southfork Mtn. near the Humboldt trail turn off to Hyampom; evidently Doe Spring. (DK)
W= mempat holoqhas (water running out of a hole)
C= 'aha lawitpi aq'a = water (Bauman 1981:139/Z5)
7 A hole in the South Fork Trinity R. just upriver of Monroe Ck. (C)
W= sulahay khopol' (poison laurel pool)
C= tchelin'an tchitaha (poison laurel pool) (Bauman 1981:139/Z7)
8 Mountain west of the Sam Young place in Hyampom Valley; evidently Blake Mtn.; known locally as Bald Mtn. (NC)
W= tedi phuyuq (red mountain)
C= 'awu yetsxoltchey (madrone mtn.) (Bauman 1981:139/Z8)
9 Southfork Mountain (NC)
W= torokhelas (long ridge)
C= hatcim tceyta (great ridge) (Bauman 1981:/139Z9)
10 Formerly the Underwood place on Panther Ck. near its confluence with the South Fork Trinity R.; referred to as the Graham place. (C)
W= ts'araw 'ilay (many flats)
C= maytca 'uleyta or maytcalla (many flats) "...the Underwood place about 10 miles downstream of Hyampom on the South Fork River." May translate as "little flat" (Based on Harrongton's field notes, in Bauman 1980a:20)
12 Big opening on Southfork Mtn. near Blake Mtn. lookout. (C)
W= ts'aruqi norel sawal' (green south wet spot)
C= sitahumamsu'tse himamsu = green; atse = place (Bauman 1981:139/Z10)
13 A flat about 1/2 mile up Grouse Ck. from its mouth.(C)
W= 'elxelehas pom' (closed up place)
C= hitcikyan'ama (closed up place) It is located on the west side of Grouse Ck. and marked by a white rock shaped like a stump. An acorn gathering place. (Bauman 1981:139/Z13)
15 Cold Springs (DK)
W= k'ow tchusmem'
C= 'apun'a 'aqh a 'aqha = water On Southfork Mtn. (Bauman 1981:139/Z15)
Shasta Quad
2 Mount Shasta (NC)
W= Bohem Puyuk (Bulim Puyuik; Bullem Pie-yuke); waydal buli
C= 'awu tsewu (big mountain) Referred to by Olmsted and Stewart (1978:226, Map) as "power place" (no further information in text). waydal buli' (north peak) is the Wintu name for Mt. Shasta according to Harrington (Bauman 1981:40/D2). 'awu tsewu is the Chimariko name. According to Masson, Mount Shasta is referred to by Wintu as Bohem Puyuik. This means high peak (Masson 1966:28, 92) Schlichter (1967:9) refers to the mountain as Bulim phuyuq phuyuq. According to the Southern Papers (n.d.) the mountain is called Bullem-Pie-yuke.
Weaverville Quad
11 Douglas City (DK)
W= waltilabalqhol' (north side confluence)
C= xunoytc'ani 'ama (Bauman 1981:113/P11)
28 Weaverville (C)
W= 'eltipom' (back country)
C= numna 'ama (back country) or xo'raktn (xo'ra, owl sp.) (Bauman 1981:114/P28)
Willow Quad
1 The South Fork of Trinity River presumably near its mouth.(C)
W= qhorepure' (forks)
C= hatsukitse (forks) (Bauman 1981:138/Y1)
2 Sandy Bar (C)
W= mukhumeston muk = cover
C= ha'umkitatce (covered up place) Located on South Fork of Trinity River above Salyer (Bauman 1981:138/Y2)
3 The Campbell place; 1 1/2 miles from Salyer north of Trinity R. in vicinity of Quinby Ck. (C)
W= ts'aruqahas pom {greens= c'aruq]
C= himamsu'tse (green place) (Bauman 1981:138/Y3)
4 Grouse Mountain (C)
W= tc'uptc'ubukhus phuyuq (chipmonk mountain)
C=wisillan 'awu (chipmonk mountain) (Bauman 1981:138/Y4)